Ibe yiminyaka elishumi ukusukela "i-Belt kunye" nendlela yaqala ukubeka phambili ngo-2013. Kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo, i-china, njengenxalenye yesi sicwangciso, njengenxalenye yesi sicwangciso, iphumelele ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwindlela eya endleleni eya kwihlabathi.
"Inyathelo lokuqala lebhanti kunye nendlela, oko kukuthi, i-silk yendlela yoqoqosho lwe-Silk kunye nenkulungwane yama-21 i-SILK yendlela. Indlela igubungela amazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kunye nemibutho yamazwe kwi-Asia, e-Afrika, iYurophu kunye neLatin America, kwaye inefuthe elinzulu kurhwebo lwehlabathi, utyalomali kunye nokutshintshwa kwenkcubeko.
Iminyaka eli-10 kuphela kwesahlulo, kwaye ngoku sisiqalo esitsha, kwaye loluphi uhlobo lwethuba lefestile liza kuvulelwa iilori zefestile zaseTshayina ukuya kwi "Ibhanti kunye nendlela" kukugxila kwendlela yethu eqhelekileyo.
Gxila kwezi ndawo zilandelayo ecaleni kwendlela
Iilori zizixhobo ezifanelekileyo kulwakhiwo lwezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso, kwaye zidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokukhuthaza "i-Belt kunye nendlela". Ngelixa uninzi lwamazwe lwakhiwe ngokudibeneyo 'yibhanti "yamazwe asaphulayo, inqanaba lokuphuhlisa ishishini liphantsi, kwaye iilori zophuhliso eziphantsi, kwaye i-Chestia ineenzuzo zendlela yokuvelisa, ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweendleko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iguqukele kwimiphumo emihle kwi-verworsus.
Ngokwedatha efanelekileyo yolawulo ngokubanzi lwamasiko, ngaphambi kowama-2019, kuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweelori ezinzima zazizinzile malunga ne-80,000-90,000, kwaye nge-2020, ifuthe lobuqhetseba. Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kweelori ezinzima ukuya kwi-140,000 yezithuthi, ukunyuka kwe-78.6% ngonyaka, kwaye ngonyaka we-2022, ivolumu yokuthengisa iqhubekile ukuya kwi-190,000 yonyaka. Intengiso yokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe ithengisa iilori ezinzima ifikelele kwiiyunithi ezingama-157,000, ukunyuka kwe-111.8% ngonyaka, ekulindeleke ukuba ifike kwinqanaba elitsha.
Ngokwembono yecandelo lentengiso ngo-2022, ivolumu yokuthengisa imarike yelori yase-Asia ifikelela kubuninzi bama-66 500 eeyunithi, i-vietnam, i-Uzbekistan, i-Uzbekistan, iMongolia kunye nabanye abathengisi abaphambili eChina.
Intengiso yase-Afrika ibalwa okwesibini, ngokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi ezingaphezulu kwama-50,000, apho iNigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, eCongo, eMzantsi Afrika nakwezinye iimarike eziphambili.
Nangona imakethi yaseYurophu incinci xa kuthelekiswa neemarike zase-Asiya nakwi-Afrika zibonisa indlela yokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza kwiRussia echaphazelekayo kwizinto ezikhethekileyo, inani leelori ezinzima ezingeniswe ezizweni i-China ngamanye amazwe angama-20 200 ukuya kuma-14,8 ukuya kwi-14,8 yeeyunithi eziphantse zibe ngama-1,8, eNethergium kunye nezinye iimarike eziphambili. Oku kudityaniswa ikakhulu ukukhuthaza "inyathelo" lebhanti, eliye lomeleza intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho nezorhwebo phakathi kwamazwe aseChina naseYurophu.
Ukongeza, kwi-2022, iChina yalithumela ngaphandle iilori ezinzima ze-12,979 ukuya eMzantsi Merika, i-accounting nge-61.3% yeyonke iyonke emanyezweni eMelika, kwaye intengiso ibonise ukukhula okuzinzileyo.
Ithathwe kunye, i-dat yedatha ephambili yase China ibonisa le mikhwa ilandelayo: "Inyathelo lokuqala lebhanti libonelela ngamathuba aphezulu e-China, i-China eqhutywa yi-China e-China iphumelele ukukhula ngokukhawuleza; Kwangelo xesha, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemakethi yaseYurophu kukwabonelela ngamathuba amatsha elori enzima yase China ukwandisa imakethi yamanye amazwe.
Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokukhuthaza okusemandleni enzala "inyathelo" lendlela kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwe-China e-China i-China elinzima, kulindeleke ukuba iilori zelori ze-China ezinzima ziya kuqhubeka nokugcina imeko yokukhula.
Ngokwenkqubo yeminyaka eli-10 yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe yeelori ze-chine ze-chines kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso kunye namathuba azayo "kwi-bilt kunye nendlela", oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lwelolo zeTrines ezihamba phesheya:
1. Imo yokuThumela iZithuthi: Ngophuhliso olunzulu lwe "bhanti kunye nendlela", ukuthunyelwa kwendlela ", ukuthunyelwa kweZithuthi kuya kuba yinye yeendlela eziphambili zokuthumela i-China Thumela i-China yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-China yokuthumela i-China yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-China yokuthumela i-China yokuthumela ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqwalaselwa kweyantlukwano kunye nobunzima beemarike zaphesheya, amashishini olori waseTshayina kufuneka aqhubeke ephucula umgangatho kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweemveliso, kunye nokuphucula izakhono zenkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa ukuhlangabezana namazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla.
I-2. UkuHanjiswa kweZityalo ekwakhiweni kwezityalo kunye nentengiso yentengiso: enzuzo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla "yebhanti", amashishini "amaTshayina angafumanisa utyando kwingingqi kunye nokuseka iinkqubo zokuthengisa. Ngale ndlela, sinokuziqhelanisa nemeko yentengiso yendawo, ukuphucula ukhuphiswano lweentengiso, kwaye ukonwabele izibonelelo kunye nenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo yengingqi.
3. Landela uthumo lweeprojekthi ezinkulu zikazwelonke: phantsi konyuselo "lwebhanti kunye nendlela", inani elikhulu leeprojekthi zokwakha iziseko zophuhliso ziya kufika phesheya. Iinkampani zelori zaseTshayina zinokusebenzisana kwezi nkampani zokwakha ukuba zilandele iprojekthi ilwandle kwaye zibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuhambisa izinto. Oku kunokufezekisa ukuthumela ngaphandle kweelori ezingathanga ngqo, kodwa nokuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamashishini.
4. Yiya phesheya kwiziteshi zorhwebo: ngokuthi nzulu intsebenziswano yorhwebo phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla ", amashishini" ase-China anokubonelela ngeenkonzo zamashishini e-ECORME. Kwangelo xesha, kunokwandisa ukwandisa ulwazi kunye nefuthe ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yamanye amazwe nakwezinye iindlela zokudala ngakumbi amathuba okuqhubeka phesheya.
Ngokubanzi, indlela yokusebenza yeelori zamaTshayina eziya kutyhilwa phesheya ziya kubanda ngakumbi kwaye zifakwe ekhaya, kwaye amashishini kufuneka akhethe imowudi efanelekileyo yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe ngokwendlela yabo yokwenyani. Kwangelo xesha, phantsi konyuselo "lwebhanti kunye nendlela", amashishini amaTshayina aya kuzisa amathuba ophuhliso ngakumbi kunye nemiceli mngeni, kwaye kufuneka aphucule inqanaba labo lokukhuphisana kunye nokuphucula inqanaba labo lokukhuphisana nezangaphandle.
NgoSeptemba kulo nyaka, iinkokheli ze-Auto Molobile yeQela le-Automobile yeQela leLock liqalise uhambo oluya kumazwe aseMbindi Mpuma, ukukhuthaza ukutshintshwa kweeprojekthi zenkonzo yasekhaya. Oku kuhamba kubonisa ngokupheleleyo iqela lelori ekhokelwa yi-shaaANxile i-automobile ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ilungele ukukhulisa amathuba amatsha "kwi-Belt" kwimakethi "yendlela".
Kwindlela yokutyelelwa kwentsimi, banayo i-in-in-in-in-in-nzulu kwiimfuno kunye neendlela zentengiso eziphakathi, ezibonisa ukuba iinkokeli zeqela ziyaqonda ukuba inyathelo lentengiso elinamandla elinamandla kunye ne-Belt kunye neNdlela. Ke ngoko, banobume bendawo, ngokokwenza indawo yemizi-mveliso kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphucula impembelelo yohlobo kunye nokhuphiswano, kwishishini leloli lase-China kwintengiso yaseMbindi Mpuma.
"Ibhanti kunye nendlela" ingene kwixesha elitsha, ekuza kuzisa amathuba ophuculo olungcono kwiilori, kodwa kufuneka ifumaneke kangangokuba imeko ye-china yamazwe iphumelele kwaye ikwigumbi elikhulu lokuphucula uphawu lwelori yase China.
Sikholelwa ukuba ukuze kusetyenziswe ngcono le Window yoPhuculo olutsha, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwezi zinto zilandelayo.
1. Nika ingqalelo kwiinguqu kwimeko yelizwe jikelele: Imeko yangoku yelizwe jikelele izele kukungaqiniseki kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo, njengemfazwe yaseRussia yaseRussia kunye nokunyuka kweembambano kwizizwe eziphakathi. Olu tshintsho lwezopolitiko lunokuba nefuthe elibi kwilori yelori enzima, ke amashishini amabi amasechibi kufuneka anikele ingqalelo kwiinguqu kwimeko yehlabathi kwaye alungelelanise izicwangciso zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko onokubakho wokunciphisa umngcipheko onokubakho ukunciphisa umngcipheko onokubakho wokunciphisa umngcipheko.
2. Ukuphucula inkonzo kunye nentengiso ngaxeshanye: ukwenzela ukuthintela izifundo ezizizo ezithunyelwayo zeVietnam, amashishini amabi amaTshayina anyanzelekileyo ukuba anyuse ukuthengisa ngelixa ugxininisa ekuphuculeni umgangatho wenkonzo. Oku kubandakanya ukomeleza inkonzo yokuqinisa emva kokuthengisa, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yezobugcisa kunye neyolondolozo, kunye nolwakhiwo ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nabathengisi bendawo kunye nearhente yokuphucula igama le-propary kunye nolwaneliseko lwabathengi.
3. Ingenayo impumelelo kwaye iphucule iimpawu zezithuthi kwiimarike zangaphandle: Ukuze zikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yentengiso yamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla, amashishini amabi, amaTshayina anzima kufuneka aphucule iimpawu zangaphandle kwiimarike zangaphandle. I-Shaanzi Automobile X5000, umzekelo, ngokupheleleyo ithathele ingqalelo iimfuno ezithile zothutho zengingqi ye-urumqi. Amashishini kufuneka aqonde ngokupheleleyo iimpawu kunye neemfuno zemakethi ekujoliswe kuyo, uphando olujolisiweyo kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa kweemveliso ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zentengiso yendawo.
4. Sebenzisa kakuhle ukuthuthwa kweNdlela ye-tir kunye nokudakumba okulula-kumvula: Ngaphantsi koKhuthaza "Ibhanti kunye nendlela", urhwebo lwendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nokurhweba ngendlela kunye nomnqamlezo. Amashishini amaTshayina anzima kufuneka asebenzise ngokupheleleyo ezi meko zintle ukomeleza ukurhweba ngamazwe aselumelwaneni. Kwangelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kutshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezorhwebo yamanye amazwe ukuze kulungelelanise izicwangciso zokuthumela ngaphandle kwaye zibambe amathuba amaninzi amashishini.
U-Nina uthi:
Phantsi konyuselo lwe "Ibhanti kunye nendlela" ngexesha elitsha, amazwe asakhasayo ecaleni kweendlela aqhuba intsebenziswano ezokwakha iziseko zophuhliso, ezoqoqosho nezorhwebo kunye nezinye amasimi. Oku akunikezeli nje kuphela amathuba eshishini aphezulu e-China e-China, kodwa ikwadala imeko yokuxhamla kunye nokuphumelela ukuphumelela kuwo onke amazwe. Kule nkqubo, amashishini amabi amazulu aqingqiweyo kufuneka aqhubeke nesantya samaxesha, akhulisa ngokuthe gabalala ukuthengisa, kwaye ukuphucula iphephe. Kwangelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukugxila kubuchule kunye nokuphuculwa kokuziqhelanisa neemfuno zentengiso zamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla.
Endleleni eya phesheya, amashishini amabi olwandle anomdla kufuneka anikele ingqalelo kumdibaniso kunye nophuhliso lwentengiso yendawo. Kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ngenkuthalo intsebenziswano namashishini asekuhlaleni, ukomeleza ukutshintshiselana ngobuchwephesha kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kwaye lufezekise izibonelelo kunye neziphumo zokuphumelela. Kwangelo xesha, kuyayimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kwinzaliseko yoxanduva lwenkampani, ukuthatha inxaxheba ngenkuthalo kwizithembiso zentlalo-ntle yasekhaya, kwaye ubuyisele kuluntu lwasekhaya.
Kwimeko "yebhanti kunye nendlela", i-China e-China i-China i-China i-China ijongene namathuba kunye nemiceli mngeni. Kuphela ngokugcina isantya kunye namaxesha, egxile kubuchule kunye nophuculo, kunye nokomeleza ukudityaniswa kunye nophuhliso kunye nemakethi yendawo esinokuthi siphumelele kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kwaye siphumelele kwimarike yehlabathi. Makhe sijonge phambili kwimvelaphi engcono ye-China e-China e-China e-China!
Iposi: Oct-12 ukuya ku-1223
