Sele kuyiminyaka elishumi ukususela oko iNyathelo “Belt and Road” lathi labekwa phambili ngo-2013. Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, i-China, njengomqalisi nomthathi-nxaxheba obalulekileyo, iphumeze uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu oluzuzisa ngokufanayo namazwe asebenzisanayo, kunye noshishino lwelori, njengenxalenye yesi sicwangciso, nalo luphumelele uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo kwindlela eya kwihlabathi.
Inyathelo le-“Belt and Road”, elibizwa ngokuba yiSilk Road Economic Belt kunye ne-21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Le ndlela ibandakanya amazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe e-Asiya, e-Afrika, eYurophu naseLatin America, kwaye inempembelelo enkulu kurhwebo lwehlabathi, utyalo-mali kunye notshintshiselwano lwenkcubeko.
Iminyaka eyi-10 kuphela isandulela, kwaye ngoku sisiqalo esitsha, kwaye luhlobo luni lwefestile oluya kuvulwa kwiilori ze-brand yaseTshayina ukuya phesheya ngo "Ibhanti kunye neNdlela" yingqwalasela yethu eqhelekileyo.
Gxininisa kwezi ndawo zilandelayo ecaleni kwendlela
Iilori zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokwakha nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho, kwaye zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokukhuthaza iNyathelo “leBelt and Road”. Ngelixa uninzi lwamazwe akhiwe ngokudibeneyo yi-"Belt and Road" Initiative ingeyamazwe asakhasayo, inqanaba lophuhliso lweshishini lokwenziwa kweemoto liphantsi, kwaye iilori ze-brand yaseTshayina zineenzuzo ezinkulu malunga nomthamo wemveliso, ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweendleko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iguqukele kwiziphumo ezigqwesileyo kwimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ngokutsho kwedatha efanelekileyo yoLawulo oluPhezulu lweSiko, ngaphambi kowama-2019, ukuthunyelwa kweelori ezinzima kwakuzinzile malunga ne-80,000-90,000 yezithuthi, kwaye ngo-2020, impembelelo yobhubhane yehla kakhulu. Kwi-2021, ukuthunyelwa kweelori ezinzima kwenyuka kwi-140,000 yezithuthi, ukwanda kwe-79.6% ngonyaka, kwaye kwi-2022, umthamo wokuthengisa uqhubekile ukunyuka ukuya kwi-190,000 yezithuthi, ukwanda kwe-35.4% ngonyaka. Iintengiso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezongezelelweyo zeelori ezinzima ziye zafikelela kwiiyunithi ze-157,000, ukwanda kwe-111.8% unyaka nonyaka, ekulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha.
Ngokwembono yecandelo lemarike ngo-2022, umthamo wentengiso kwimarike yokuthumela ngaphandle ilori enzima yaseAsia yafikelela kubuninzi beeyunithi ezingama-66,500, apho iVietnam, iPhilippines, i-Indonesia, i-Uzbekistan, iMongolia kunye nabanye abakhulu abathumela ngaphandle eTshayina.
Imarike yaseAfrika ikwindawo yesibini, ngokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezithuthi ezingaphezu kwama-50,000, apho iNigeria, iTanzania, iZambia, iCongo, uMzantsi Afrika kunye nezinye iimarike ezinkulu.
Nangona imarike yaseYurophu incinci xa kuthelekiswa neemarike zaseAsia naseAfrika, ibonisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo. Ukongeza kwiRashiya echatshazelwa yizinto ezikhethekileyo, inani leelori ezinzima ezithunyelwa eChina ngamanye amazwe aseYurophu ngaphandle kweRashiya nazo zenyuka ukusuka kwiiyunithi ze-1,000 ngo-2022 ukuya kwiiyunithi ze-14,200 kunyaka ophelileyo, ukwanda kwamaxesha angama-11.8, apho, eJamani, eBelgium. , iNetherlands kunye nezinye iimarike ezinkulu. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ekukhuthazeni iNyathelo "Ibhanti kunye neNdlela", eliqinise intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo phakathi kweTshayina namazwe aseYurophu.
Ukongeza, ngo-2022, i-China yathumela ngaphandle iilori ezinzima eziyi-12,979 kuMzantsi Melika, zibalelwa kwi-61.3% yazo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eMelika, kwaye imakethi ibonise ukukhula okuzinzileyo.
Idityaniswe kunye, idatha ephambili yokuthunyelwa kwelori enzima yaseTshayina ibonisa le mizila ilandelayo: "I-Belt kunye neNdlela" Initiative ibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okuthunyelwa kwelori enzima yaseChina, ngakumbi iqhutywa yimfuno evela kumazwe asecaleni kwendlela, ukuthunyelwa kweelori ezinzima zaseChina kuye kwafikelela ukukhula okukhawulezayo. ; Kwangaxeshanye, ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwemarike yaseYurophu kukwabonelela ngamathuba amatsha kwilori enzima yaseTshayina yokwandisa imarike yehlabathi.
Kwixesha elizayo, ngenkuthazo enzulu yeNyathelo “yeBhanti kunye neNdlela” kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweempawu zelori ezinkulu zaseTshayina, kulindeleke ukuba uthunyelo lwangaphandle lwelori enkulu yaseTshayina luqhubeke nokugcina umkhwa wokukhula.
Ngokwenkqubo yeminyaka eli-10 yokuthumela ngaphandle kweelori zohlobo lwaseTshayina kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso kunye namathuba exesha elizayo leNyathelo “yeBelt and Road”, oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lwendlela yokusebenza kweelori zaseTshayina eziya phesheya kolwandle:
1. Imowudi yokuthumela ngaphandle isithuthi: Ngophuhliso olunzulu lwe "Belt kunye neNdlela", ukuthunyelwa kwezithuthi ngaphandle kuya kuba yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokuthumela iilori zaseChina. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqwalasela iyantlukwano kunye nokuntsonkotha kweemarike zaphesheya, amashishini eelori aseTshayina kufuneka aqhubeke ephucula umgangatho kunye nokuguquguquka kweemveliso, kunye nokuphucula amandla eenkonzo emva kokuthengisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla.
2. Ulwakhiwo lweplanti yaphesheya kunye nolwakhiwo lwenkqubo yokuthengisa: Ngokuqiniswa kwentsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla esecaleni kwe "Belt kunye neNdlela", amashishini eelori aseTshayina anokuqonda ukusebenza kwendawo ngokutyala imali kwizityalo zasekhaya kunye nokuseka iinkqubo zokuthengisa. Ngale ndlela, sinokuziqhelanisa ngcono nobume bemarike yasekhaya, siphucule ukukhuphisana kwemarike, kwaye sonwabele iingenelo kunye nenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya.
3. Landela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe iiprojekthi ezinkulu zesizwe: Phantsi kokukhuthazwa kwe-“Belt and Road”, inani elikhulu leeprojekthi zolwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo ziya kuthunyelwa phesheya kolwandle. Iinkampani zelori zaseTshayina zinokusebenzisana nezi nkampani zokwakha ukulandela iprojekthi ukuya elwandle kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho lolungiselelo. Oku kunokufezekisa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokuthe ngqo kweelori, kodwa nokuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamashishini.
4. Hamba phesheya kweelwandle ngokusebenzisa amajelo orhwebo: Ngokungena nzulu kwentsebenziswano yorhwebo phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla esecaleni “kweBhanti kunye neNdlela”, amashishini eelori aseTshayina anokubonelela ngeenkonzo zolungiselelo lwemida yemida ngokusebenzisana namashishini othungelwano lwasekhaya kunye namashishini e-e-commerce. Kwangaxeshanye, inokwandisa ulwazi lophawu kunye nempembelelo ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezinye iindlela zokudala amathuba amaninzi okuya phesheya kweelwandle.
Ngokubanzi, indlela yokusebenza yeelori zaseTshayina eziya phesheya ziya kuhlukahluka kakhulu kwaye zenziwe zasekhaya, kwaye amashishini kufuneka akhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle ngokwemeko yawo yokwenyani kunye nesicwangciso sophuhliso. Kwangaxeshanye, phantsi kwenkuthazo "yeBhanti kunye neNdlela", amashishini elori aseTshayina aya kungenisa amathuba amaninzi ophuhliso kunye nemingeni, kwaye kufuneka aqhubeke ephucula ukukhuphisana kwawo kunye nenqanaba lehlabathi.
KweyoMsintsi kulo nyaka, iinkokeli zeqela leelori eziphambili ze-China Automobile Group ziqalise uhambo lokufunda kumazwe akuMbindi Mpuma, zijolise ekomelezeni intsebenziswano, ukukhuthaza ukusayinwa kweeprojekthi zobuchule, nokomeleza ukutshintshiselana ngeenkonzo zolwakhiwo lwefektri yasekhaya. Eli nyathelo libonisa ngokupheleleyo iqela lelori elikhokelwa yi-Shaanxi Automobile incamathela ukubaluleka okukhulu kwaye inokuzimisela okunamandla ukuphuhlisa amathuba amatsha kwimarike "yeBhanti kunye neNdlela".
Ngendlela yokutyelela intsimi, banokuqonda olunzulu iimfuno kunye neendlela zemarike yoMbindi Mpuma, ebonisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba iinkokeli zeqela ziyaqonda ukuba imarike yoMbindi Mpuma inamandla amakhulu kunye namathemba abanzi ophuhliso phantsi " Inyathelo leBhanti kunye neNdlela”. Ke ngoko, bacwangcisa ngokusebenzayo, ngokufakwa kweefektri zasekhaya kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphucula ngakumbi impembelelo yophawu kunye nokukhuphisana, kushishino lwelori yaseTshayina kwimarike yakuMbindi Mpuma ukufaka amandla amatsha.
"I-Belt kunye neNdlela" ingene kwixesha elitsha, elifanele ukuzisa amathuba angcono ophuhliso kwiilori ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kodwa kufuneka siqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba imeko yangoku yamazwe ngamazwe inzima kwaye iyatshintsha, kwaye kusekho igumbi elikhulu lokuphucula. Uphawu kunye nenkonzo yelori yaseTshayina.
Sikholelwa ukuba ukuze sisebenzise kakuhle le festile entsha yophuhliso, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo.
1. Nika ingqalelo utshintsho kwimeko yamazwe ngamazwe: Imeko yangoku yamazwe ngamazwe igcwele ukungaqiniseki kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo, ezifana nemfazwe yaseRashiya-Ukraine kunye nokunyuka kweengxabano kumazwe akuMbindi Mpuma. Olu tshintsho lwezopolitiko lunokuba nefuthe elibi kwiilori ezinzima zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngoko ke amashishini eelori ezinzima zaseTshayina kufuneka anikele ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqu kwimeko yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokulungelelanisa izicwangciso zokuthumela ngaphandle ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukunciphisa ingozi enokubakho.
2. Ukuphucula inkonzo kunye nokuthengisa ngaxeshanye: Ukuze ugweme izifundo eziyingozi zokuthumela ngaphandle izithuthuthu zaseVietnam, amashishini amashishini anzima aseTshayina kufuneka anyuse ukuthengisa ngelixa egxile ekuphuculeni umgangatho wenkonzo. Oku kuquka ukomeleza ulandelelwano lwenkonzo yasemva kokuthengiswa, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa kwangexesha nobungcali kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nokwakha unxulumano olusondeleyo nabathengisi basekuhlaleni kunye nee-arhente ukwandisa isidima sohlobo nokwaneliseka kwabathengi.
3. Ukuvuselela ngokusebenzayo kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zezithuthi kwiimarike zangaphandle: Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno yemarike yamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla, amashishini eelori ezinzima zaseTshayina kufuneka ahlaziye kwaye aphucule iimpawu zezithuthi kwiimarike zangaphandle. I-Shaanxi Automobile X5000, umzekelo, ithathela ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zothutho ezithile zommandla wase-Urumqi. Amashishini kufuneka aqonde ngokupheleleyo iimpawu kunye neemfuno zemarike ekujoliswe kuyo, uphando olujoliswe kuyo kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa kweemveliso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenene zemarike yasekhaya.
4. Sebenzisa kakuhle i-TIR yothutho lwendlela kunye nokulungelelaniswa korhwebo oluwela imida: Ngaphantsi kokukhuthazwa kwe "Belt kunye neNdlela", ukuthutha kwendlela ye-TIR kunye norhwebo oluwela umda kuye kwaba lula ngakumbi. Amashishini eelori ezinkulu aseTshayina kufuneka azisebenzise ngokupheleleyo ezi meko zintle ukomeleza urhwebo namazwe angabamelwane. Kwangaxeshanye, kukwafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe kakhulu utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kulungiswe kwangethuba izicwangciso zokuthumela izinto kumazwe angaphandle kwaye kuthathwe amathuba amaninzi oshishino.
UNina uthi:
Ngaphantsi kokukhuthazwa kwe "Ibhanti kunye neNdlela" kwixesha elitsha, amazwe aphuhlisayo kunye neendlela aqhuba ngokusebenzayo intsebenziswano kulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo, ukutshintshiselana kwezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo kunye nezinye iinkalo. Oku akuboneleli kuphela ngamathuba oshishino ngakumbi kwiilori ezinzima zaseTshayina ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kodwa kudala iimeko zenzuzo efanayo kunye neziphumo zokuphumelela kuwo onke amazwe. Kule nkqubo, amashishini eelori ezinzima zaseTshayina kufuneka ahambisane nesantya seThe Times, akhulise ngokukhutheleyo iimarike zaphesheya, kwaye aphucule impembelelo yophawu. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyafuneka ukuba kugxininiswe kwizinto ezintsha kunye nokuphucula ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zentengiso zamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla.
Endleleni eya phesheya, amashishini eelori ezinzima aseTshayina kufuneka anikele ingqalelo ekudityanisweni nasekuphuhliseni imarike yasekhaya. Kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ngokusebenzayo intsebenziswano kunye namashishini asekuhlaleni, ukuqinisa utshintshiselwano lobugcisa kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kunye nokufezekisa inzuzo efanayo kunye neziphumo zokuphumelela. Kwangaxeshanye, kukwafuneka ukuba ubeke ingqalelo ekuzalisekeni koxanduva lwentlalontle yenkampani, ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimisebenzi yentlalontle yoluntu yasekuhlaleni, nokubuyisela kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
Kumxholo othi "Ibhanti kunye neNdlela", iilori ezinzima zaseChina ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zijongene namathuba kunye nemingeni engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Kuphela ngokugcina isantya kunye neThe Times, sigxile ekuqaliseni nasekuphuculeni, kunye nokomeleza ukudityaniswa kunye nophuhliso kunye nemarike yasekhaya sinokuthi sifezekise uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kwaye siphumelele impumelelo enkulu kwimarike yehlabathi. Masijonge phambili kwingomso elingcono lokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwelori enzima yaseTshayina!
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-12-2023
