Ngokuphela kobhubhane lwehlabathi jikelele, ishishini elitsha lokuthengisa liye laphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwangaxeshanye, ukunyanzeliswa kokulawulwa kwezithuthi kuye kwaqiniswa, izinga lokungena kwemveliso emitsha linyukile, kwaye iilori zezothutho zehlabathi ziye zaqala ukukhula kwakhona. . Ushishino lweziseko zophuhliso lwehlabathi luzinzile, imfuno yokuthuthwa kwezixhobo zobunjineli ngamanye amaxesha iyenyuka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iwe, kwaye udidi lobunjineli belizwe jikelele iilori ezinzima ziqalisa kwakhona uphuhliso.
Okokuqala, ukunikezelwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kwanele, kwaye amathemba ophuhliso loshishino lwelori lubanzi
Iilori, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziilori, zibizwa ngokuba ziilori, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuthutha iimpahla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibhekisa kwiimoto ezinokutsala ezinye izithuthi, eziyinxalenye yezithuthi zorhwebo. Iilori zinokwahlulwa zibe ziilori ezincinci, ezilula, eziphakathi, ezinzima kunye nezinzima kakhulu ngokweetoni zazo, apho iilori ezilula kunye neelori ezinzima zezona ntlobo zimbini zeelori phesheya kolwandle. Ngo-1956, umzi-mveliso weemoto wokuqala waseTshayina eChangchun, kwiPhondo laseJilin, wavelisa ilori yokuqala yasekhaya eNew China – iJiefang CA10, neyayiyimoto yokuqala eNew China, ivula inkqubo yoshishino lweemoto lwaseTshayina. Okwangoku, inkqubo yokwenziwa kweemoto yaseTshayina ithande ukukhula, ubume bemveliso buba ngqiqweni ngokuthe ngcembe, ukutshintshwa kuyakhawuleza, iimoto zamaTshayina zaqala ukungena kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ngobuninzi, kwaye ishishini leemoto liye laba lelinye lamashishini eentsika ezibalulekileyo zelizwe laseTshayina. uqoqosho.
Umphezulu woshishino lwelori yimathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nemathiriyeli yamandla ekrwada efunekayo ukuveliswa kweelori, kubandakanya intsimbi, iiplastiki, iintsimbi ezingezizo intsimbi, irabha, njl. njl., ezenza isakhelo, ukuhanjiswa, injini kunye nezinye iindawo eziyimfuneko ukusebenza kweelori. Umthamo wokuthwala ilori womelele, iimfuno zokusebenza kwe-injini ziphezulu, i-injini ye-diesel xa kuthelekiswa namandla enjini yepetroli inkulu, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla liphantsi, linokwanelisa iimfuno zempahla yothutho lwelori, ngoko ke uninzi lwelori ziyidizili. iinjini njengomthombo wamandla, kodwa ezinye iilori ezikhanyayo zisebenzisa i-petroli, igesi yepetroleum okanye igesi yendalo. Ufikelelo oluphakathi luyilori olupheleleyo abenzi bezithuthi, kunye nabavelisi belori abadumileyo baseTshayina baquka iChina First Automobile Group, China Heavy Duty Automobile Group, SHACMAN ilori enzima Ukuvelisa, njl njl kwaye nangokunjalo.
Umthamo welori mkhulu ngokwentelekiso, inkqubo yokuvelisa intsonkothile, kwaye izinto zayo eziphambili ekrwada yintsimbi kunye nezinye izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zentsimbi enobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, ukuze kwakhiwe iimveliso zelori kunye nobomi obude kwaye ukusebenza ngcono. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo koqoqosho olukhulu, imveliso yaseChina, ukwakhiwa kunye namanye amashishini ayaqhubeka ukwanda, ukukhuthaza ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwamandla okuvelisa intsimbi, kwaye abe yimveliso yentsimbi yehlabathi kunye namandla okuthengisa. Ngo-2021-2022, echatshazelwa “yindyikityha entsha ye-coronavirus”, uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luphela lunciphile, iiprojekthi zokwakha ziye zanqunyanyiswa, kwaye ishishini lokuvelisa sele liqalile ukulayisha phantsi, ukuze ixabiso lokuthengisa intsimbi liwele “eliweni”, kwaye abanye babucala. amashishini aye acudiswa yimarike, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kwehlile. Ngo-2022, imveliso yentsimbi yaseTshayina yayiyi-1.34 yezigidigidi zeetoni, ukwanda kwe-0.27%, kwaye izinga lokukhula liyehla. Ngo-2023, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokuphucula ubume beshishini, urhulumente ubonelela ngemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso-mali ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwamashishini asisiseko, ukusukela kwikota yesithathu ka-2023, imveliso yentsimbi yaseTshayina ibiyi-1.029 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni. , ukwanda nge-6.1%. Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezikrwada ukubuyisela ukukhula, ukunikezelwa kweemarike kunye nemfuno zivame ukulungelelaniswa, ixabiso lilonke leemveliso liyehla, uncedo lweendleko zemveliso yelori ukuba ilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kumashishini, ukutsala utyalo-mali olukhulu, ukwandisa isabelo semarike yezoshishino.
Xa kuthelekiswa neemoto eziqhelekileyo, iilori zisebenzisa amandla amaninzi kwaye zivelise amandla amaninzi ukusuka ekutshisweni kwedizili, okunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokusebenza kweloli. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, echatshazelwa yimeko yezizwe ngezizwe, amanye amazwe aneengxaki zamandla rhoqo, amaxabiso e-oyile ekrwada kumazwe ngamazwe aye enyuka, kwaye ishishini leemoto laseTshayina liphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, ukusetyenziswa kombane kwiindawo zokuhlala nakwimizi-mveliso kuye kwaqhubeka nokukhula, ukwanda kwemfuno yedizili, kunye nokwanda kwentengo yedizili. ukuxhomekeka kwangaphandle. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungalingani phakathi konikezelo lwe-diesel kunye nemfuno, i-China iye yanda iinzame zokunyusa i-oyile kunye ne-gas resources yokugcina kunye nokuveliswa kunye nokunyusa ukunikezelwa kwe-diesel. Ngo-2022, imveliso ye-diesel yaseChina iya kufikelela kwi-191 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwanda kwe-17.9%. Ukusukela kwikota yesithathu ka-2023, imveliso yedizili yaseTshayina yayiziitoni eziyi-162 yezigidi, ukwanda kwe-20.8% kwangelo xesha linye ngo-2022, izinga lokukhula liye landa, kwaye imveliso isondele kwimveliso yedizili yonyaka ka-2021. Isiphumo sedizili ekwenyukeni kwemveliso, ayikakwazi ukumelana nemfuno yemalike. Ukuthengwa kwedizili yaseTshayina kuhleli kuphezulu. Ukuze kuphunyezwe iimfuno zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwesizwe, umthombo we-oyile ye-diesel uye watshintshela ngokuthe ngcembe kumandla avuselelekayo afana ne-biodiesel kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yandisa isabelo sayo semarike. Kwangaxeshanye, iilori zaseTshayina ziye zangena ngokuthe ngcembe kwibala lamandla amatsha, kwaye ekuqaleni ziye zaqonda iilori ezisulungekileyo zombane okanye i-petroli-yombane enzima kwimarike ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zentengiso yexesha elizayo.
Izinga lokukhula kophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso liye lehla, kwaye amandla amatsha athe ngokuthe ngcembe angena kushishino lwelori
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China ikhuthaze ngamandla ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, ukunyuka komzi-mveliso we-e-commerce, iimpahla kufuneka zihanjiswe ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo, ukuqhubela phambili imfuno yentengiso yelori yaseTshayina. Imarike yempahla iyaqhubeka nokufudumala, ukukhula kwemfuno yamandla kubonakala, kwaye uphuhliso lwezothutho kunye nophuhliso lwezothutho luqhuba ngamandla uphuhliso loshishino lwelori, kwaye ngo-2020, imveliso yelori yaseChina iya kuba yi-4.239 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukwanda. ye-20%. Ngo-2022, ubunzulu botyalo-mali lwe-asethi esisigxina buba buthathaka, imarike yabathengi basekhaya ibuthathaka, kwaye imigangatho yelizwe yeemoto iyahlaziywa, ekhokelela ekwehleni kwesantya sorhwebo lwempahla ezindleleni zaseTshayina kunye nokwehla kwemfuno yomthwalo welori. Ukongeza, ukuchatshazelwa kukunyuka kwamaxabiso ehlabathi, ixabiso lezinto eziluhlaza kwimveliso yemveliso liyaqhubeka nokunyuka, ukunqongophala kolwakhiwo lweetshiphusi eziphuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo kuyaqhubeka, amashishini acudiswa kunikezelo kunye neemarike zokuthengisa, kwaye uphuhliso lwentengiso yelori lulinganiselwe. Ngo-2022, imveliso yelori yaseTshayina yayizizigidi ezi-2.453 zeeyunithi, phantsi kwe-33.1% ngonyaka. Ngokuphela kokuvalwa kobhubhane kuzwelonke, ishishini elitsha lokuthengisa liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwangaxeshanye, ukugcwala kolawulo lwezendlela kuye komelezwa, izinga lokungena kweemveliso ezisemgangathweni linyukile, kwaye iilori zothutho zase China ziye zaphinda zakhula. Nangona kunjalo, ukudodobala kushishino lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokwehla kwemfuno yokuthuthwa kwezixhobo zobunjineli kuthintele ukufunyanwa kunye nophuhliso lweelori ezinzima zobunjineli baseTshayina. Ukusukela kwikota yesithathu ka-2023, imveliso yelori yaseTshayina yayizizigidi ezi-2.453 zeeyunithi, inyuke nge-14.3% ukusuka kwangelo xesha linye ngo-2022.
Uphuhliso lulonke lweshishini leemoto lukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho lwaseTshayina, ngelixa lukhawulezisa ukuwohloka kwemekobume yendalo eTshayina, kwaye nomgangatho womoya kwiindawo eziphuhliswe ngokwezoqoqosho uyaqhubeka nokuhla, nto leyo ebeka isoyikiso kwimpilo yabahlali. Ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuhlalisana okuhambelanayo komntu nendalo, iTshayina iphumeze isicwangciso “sekhabhoni ephindwe kabini”, ngokulungelelanisa ubume bamandla, ukusebenzisa amandla acocekileyo endaweni yamandla alahlwayo, ngamandla ukuphuhlisa uqoqosho lwekhabhoni ephantsi, nokususa uphuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina. ukuxhomekeka kumandla efosili asuka kumazwe angaphandle, ke, iilori zamandla amatsha ziye zaba yeyona ndawo iqaqambileyo kwimarike yeemoto. Ngo-2022, ukuthengiswa kweelori zamandla amatsha eTshayina kunyuke nge-103% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwiiyunithi ezingama-99,494; Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Epreli 2023, ngokwezibalo ze-China Automobile Circulation Association, umthamo wokuthengiswa kweelori zamandla amatsha e-China wawungama-24,107, ukwanda kwe-8% ngexesha elifanayo ngo-2022. Ngokombono weentlobo zelori zamandla amatsha, Amakhadi amancinci amatsha aseTshayina kunye neelori ezilula zaphuhliswa ngaphambili, kunye neelori ezinzima zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ukunyuka kweelori ezihamba ezidolophini kunye noqoqosho lwe-stall kuye kwanyusa imfuno yamakhadi amancinci kunye neelori ezilula, kwaye iilori zokukhanya zamandla amatsha ezifana neelori zombane kunye ne-hybridi zifikeleleke ngaphezu kweelori zendabuko, ngakumbi ukukhuthaza izinga lokungena kwiilori zokukhanya zamandla amatsha. Ukusukela kwikota yesithathu ka-2023, umthamo wokuthengiswa kweelori zokukhanya zamandla amatsha eTshayina ziiyunithi ezingama-26,226, ukwanda kwe-50.42%. Ngophuculo oluthe ngcembe lobuchule obutsha bokusetyenziswa kwamandla, "ukwahlulwa kombane wemoto" imowudi yokutshintsha amandla iququzelela inkqubo yothutho, icuthe iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwamafutha, kwaye ikhuthaze ukuthengiswa kweelori ezinobuchwephesha obuphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Ukusukela kwikota yesithathu ka-2023, intengiso entsha yelori enzima yaseTshayina inyuke nge-29.73% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwiyunithi ezingama-20,127, kwaye umsantsa kunye neelori zokukhanya zamandla amatsha kancinci kancinci.
Uphuhliso lwemarike yothutho luyaqhubeka nokuphucuka, kwaye ishishini lelori liqhubela phambili kubukrelekrele
Ngo-2023, uqoqosho lwezothutho lwase-China luza kuqhubeka lubuyela ngokucothayo, kunye nomfutho ocacileyo wophuculo kwikota yesithathu. Ukuhamba kwabantu kwiindawo ezinqamlezayo kuye kwadlula inqanaba lexesha elifanayo ngaphambi kobhubhane, umthamo wemithwalo kunye ne-port cargo throughput igcine ukukhula okukhawulezayo, kwaye ubungakanani botyalo-mali kwizothutho zeempahla ezisisigxina zihlala ziphakamileyo, zibonelela ngenkxaso yezothutho ukuze kuphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo. Uqoqosho lwaseTshayina. Ukusukela kwikota yesithathu ka-2023, umthamo wothutho lwempahla yaseChina wawungama-40.283 eebhiliyoni zeetoni, ukwanda kwe-7.1% ngexesha elifanayo ngo-2022. Phakathi kwabo, ukuthuthwa kwendlela yindlela yothutho yemveli yaseChina, xa kuthelekiswa nothutho lukaloliwe, iindleko zokuhamba kwendlela iphantsi ngokwentelekiso, kunye neyona ndlela ibanzi, yeyona ndlela yothutho yomhlaba eTshayina. Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zowama-2023, umthamo wothutho lwemithwalo yendlela yaseTshayina wawungama-29.744 eebhiliyoni zeetoni, nto leyo eyenza i-73.84% yomthamo wezothutho uphelele, ukwanda nge-7.4%. Okwangoku, uphuhliso lwehlabathi loqoqosho lwezoqoqosho luhamba phambili, isikali semarike yezothutho ewela umda siyaqhubeka nokwandisa, kwangaxeshanye, uhola wendlela waseTshayina, indlela yelizwe, inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwendlela yephondo iyakhawuleza, i-Intanethi yezinto, itekhnoloji yedijithali. kulwakhiwo lweendlela ezikrelekrele, ukuququzelela uphuhliso lwemarike yempahla yaseTshayina, imfuno yeelori iyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ukuvela kobuchwephesha obutsha kunye nokusetyenziswa okutsha kuguqula imeko yemarike yempahla, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuvelayo obufana nobuchwepheshe bokuqhuba obuzimeleyo, i-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa obuvumela ukukhwela iilori, ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwezothutho kunye nokhuseleko, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Ngokhuphiswano oluqatha kumkhondo we-auto kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso olucothayo lwemizi-mveliso, amashishini aphambili kushishino sele eqalisile ukubeka amacebo anjengokuqhuba ngokuzimela kunye nokuqhuba ngokungenamntu ukukhulisa ukhuphiswano olwahlukileyo. Ngokutsho kwefemu yophando lwezentengiso i-Countpoint, imakethi yeemoto ezingaqhubiyo kwihlabathi ifikelele kwi-9.85 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2019, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, imakethi yemoto engaqhubiyo ifikelele kwi-55.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Kwasekuqalekeni kwenkulungwane yama-21, iinkampani ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela zaphehlelela uhlobo lokuqala lweemoto ezingaqhubiyo, kwaye zasebenzisa iimveliso kwiimeko ezininzi zezicelo ezifana nokuxinana kweemoto, ukuziqhelanisa neengozi, kunye namacandelo anzima. Iimoto ezingaqhubi zihlalutya iimeko zendlela ngenkqubo yokuvalelwa ebhodini, zisebenzisa i-computing yamafu ukucwangcisa iindlela, kwaye zisebenzise ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukulawula isithuthi ukuze sifike kwindawo ekusingwa kuyo, nto leyo ibubuchwephesha bokutsha obuphazamisayo kushishino lweemoto.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-SHACMAN yokuvelisa iilori ezinzima, i-FAW Jiefang, i-Sany Heavy Industry kunye namanye amashishini ahamba phambili aqhubela phambili ukwenza iinzame kwintsimi yeelori ezikrelekrele kunye neenzuzo zobugcisa, kunye ne-inertia yezithuthi kwinkqubo yokuthutha ilori inkulu, ixesha le-buffer. lide, inkqubo yobugcisa obukrelekrele iphezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kunzima ngakumbi. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, i-China iye yafumana iiprojekthi ezingaphezu kwama-50 ezingaqhubi zemigodi, eziquka imigodi engeyiyo yamalahle, imigodi yesinyithi kunye nezinye iimeko, kwaye zisebenza ngaphezu kwezithuthi ze-300. Ukuthuthwa kweelori ezingaqhubi kwiindawo zemigodi kuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwemigodi nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi basezimayini, kwaye izinga lokungena kobuchwephesha bokungaqhubi kushishino lwelori liya kuphuculwa ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu wolu shishino.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-12-2023
